God-Focused Life

1) What was the situation/context when Jesus began to teach this parable? (verse 9)
The audience for this parable was mainly the disciples of Jesus, though others were likely in hearing proximity. (Luke 17:20-22) Chapters 16-18 of Luke highlight Jesus’ teaching about the difference between a works-focused obedience, which the Pharisees emphasized, and the sincere heart of a God-focused life. The parable in verses 10-14 is preceded by Jesus’ teaching about sincere and persistent prayer. The subtle connection between this parable and the preceding one is that they both include someone who is praying. The link between these two stories of Jesus is the character of the people He mentions and their genuine faith. (Luke 18:8) This parable contrasts those who rejected Jesus’ message regarding real righteousness with those who have understood and received God’s mercy. Jesus is painting a verbal picture to identify the characteristics of these two specific groups of people. In verse 9, the stage is set for the parable which follows. It gives us a description of the heart of many of the religious leaders of the day. Most of the Pharisees who criticized Jesus “were confident that they were righteous and looked down on everyone else.” Their prayers were often presented in pious ways. On other occasions, Jesus’ teaching confronted this kind of self-righteous praying. (Matthew 6:5-8)

2) What was the significance of the two characters in the parable, one a tax collector and the other a Pharisee?
The Pharisees were the Jewish religious leaders of the day who opposed Jesus’ message of mercy. They are seen throughout the four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) separating themselves from those they regarded as unrighteous and unacceptable. Whether it was Gentiles or Jews, those who embraced a different view than they held about the Old Testament Law were to be avoided, excluded, and condemned. Their extreme interpretation of the Levitical law caused them to create standards for others that were not intended by God. Jesus consistently rebuked their hypocrisy, exposing their sinful hearts. (Mark 7:6-9) It’s ironic that the occupation of “tax collector” was looked down upon by these Jewish leaders as well as the general public. They were known for their dishonest schemes. Their fraudulently obtained wealth linked them to other tax collectors with whom they formed their own elite clan and separated themselves from the rest of society. (biblehub.com) A significant difference between these two groups – Pharisees and tax collectors – was Jesus’ interaction with them. Scripture indicates that Jesus spent a great deal of His time engaging these obviously unrighteous people. It also reveals that some of them humbly responded to Him, showing us that unrighteous people were more likely to see their need than self-righteous were.

3) What did the Pharisee in the story think of himself?
In the gospels we read that most of the religious leaders thought their own righteousness was so extraordinary it couldn’t possibly fail to bring about God’s acceptance. They held meticulously to the traditions of the Law, even producing their own standards for the people which were not what God had purposed. The specific Pharisee mentioned in the parable is the representation of all self-justifying religious leaders. In this one scene, Jesus gives His listeners a clear and contrasting image of a person who comes before God in arrogance and a person who approaches Him in humility. The Pharisee’s prayer offers no self-awareness of his sinfulness. What he does offer is a self-generated righteousness that confirms his justification before God. There is no hint of praise or thanksgiving to God for this good condition. Even his expression of thanks promotes only himself and elevates his life above the “other people” who live unrighteous lives. (verse 11) Once, there was a man who approached Jesus and rehearsed his good deeds, thinking they qualified him for eternal life. When Jesus stated that sincere desire is exhibited by a generous heart, the man walked away. His achieved goodness was merely a means in which to be self-justified. (Mark 10:17-22)

4) What did the tax collector in the story realize and admit about himself?
Jesus had asked His disciples a question in verse 8, “When the Son of Man comes, will He find faith on earth?” Jesus’ question implies there will be relatively few on earth who believe in Him at His return. (Luke 17:22-30) Although Bible scholars disagree about the specifics of Jesus’ return, His obvious assertion is that those whom God declares righteous “in that day” will not be the ones the Pharisees have thought to be so. (Matthew 7:21-23) In fact, it will be those who recognize their unworthiness who will be received by God. It will be those, like the widow in verses 1-8, who will have their prayers answered. The posture of the tax collector demonstrates his meekness and his sense of unfitness before God. There he is, with his head and heart bowed toward the ground. He is keenly aware of the distance created between himself and God by his own sinfulness. He knows he can only cry out to God for mercy. It is this kind of humility, not self-righteousness, that will be rewarded with eternal life. (Titus 3:5-7)